| 背景信息 |
Cellular communication network factor 4 (CCN4) is a secreted matricellular protein of the CCN/CTGF family that functions as a downstream regulator of the Wnt/Frizzled signaling pathway. It contains conserved modular domains that enable interactions with the extracellular matrix, integrins, and various growth factors to modulate cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. CCN4 plays a significant role in promoting cell survival and attenuating p53-mediated apoptosis following DNA damage. In pathological contexts, CCN4 is frequently upregulated in various malignancies, particularly melanoma, where it drives epithelial-mesenchymal transition, glycolysis, and metastasis. Furthermore, it contributes to tumor-induced immunosuppression by recruiting myeloid-derived suppressor cells and inhibiting the activity of CD8+ T and NK cells. These roles establish CCN4 as a key factor in tumor progression and an emerging target for therapeutic intervention. |