| 背景信息 |
Carbonic anhydrase 1 (CA1) is a cytosolic zinc metalloenzyme that catalyzes the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and protons. It is abundant in erythrocytes, the gastrointestinal tract, and cardiac tissue, contributing to pH homeostasis and ion transport. Although catalytically less efficient than the ubiquitous CA2, CA1 plays significant roles in specific pathological contexts. Elevated CA1 levels in diabetic cardiomyopathy promote endothelial cell apoptosis and tissue remodeling. Additionally, CA1-mediated pathways are implicated in vascular permeability and retinal edema in diabetic retinopathy. Its inhibition is explored as a therapeutic strategy for these vascular and metabolic complications. |