| 背景信息 |
Nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1) is a homodimeric enzyme responsible for the production of nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine. It utilizes several cofactors, including NADPH, FAD, FMN, heme, and tetrahydrobiopterin, and is activated by calcium-dependent calmodulin binding. Predominantly expressed in neurons, NOS1 regulates neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity, and neurodevelopment through its interaction with PSD-95 via PDZ motifs. It also plays essential roles in skeletal muscle contractility and the regulation of vascular tone. Clinically, dysregulation of NOS1 is associated with neurotoxicity in stroke and neurodegenerative diseases due to excessive NO production and subsequent S-nitrosylation. Furthermore, NOS1 uncoupling under oxidative stress can lead to the generation of reactive oxygen species, contributing to heart failure and atherogenesis. |