| 背景信息 |
Fc gamma receptor IIb (FCGR2B), also known as CD32B, is a low-affinity inhibitory receptor for the Fc region of immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) and is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. Structurally, FCGR2B features two immunoglobulin-like domains arranged at a 70° angle, forming a heart-shaped molecule, with critical IgG-binding residues located in specific loop regions of the second domain. It exists in two main isoforms, FCGR2B1 and FCGR2B2, generated by alternative splicing, and contains an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) in its cytoplasmic tail. FCGR2B is primarily expressed on B cells, monocytes, and some myeloid cells, where it regulates immune responses by inhibiting activating FcγRs, modulating B cell activation, and promoting the phagocytosis of immune complexes. Functionally, its ITIM motif recruits phosphatases such as SHIP1 and SHIP2, dampening cell activation pathways. Genetic variations in FCGR2B are associated with increased susceptibility to autoimmune diseases, notably systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). |