| 背景信息 |
Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 11 (SHP2) is a ubiquitously expressed cytosolic non-receptor tyrosine phosphatase that plays a pivotal role in regulating diverse cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Structurally, it comprises two N-terminal SH2 domains and a central catalytic PTP domain. In its basal state, SHP2 is autoinhibited by the intramolecular binding of the N-SH2 domain to the PTP domain. Activation occurs when phosphotyrosine-containing sequences bind the SH2 domains, inducing a conformational change that exposes the catalytic site. SHP2 acts as a positive regulator of several key signaling pathways, most notably the RAS/MAPK/ERK cascade, and interacts with various partners such as PI3K, JAK2, and GRB2. It also functions as a critical mediator of the PD-1 immune checkpoint pathway, making it a significant target in immunotherapeutic research and cancer biology. |