| 背景信息 |
Proteasome activator subunit 1 (PSME1, also known as PA28α or REGα) is a 249‑amino‑acid regulatory protein that forms a heterohexameric ring with PA28β to bind the 20S proteasome and generate the 11S proteasome activator complex, especially in immunoproteasomes. Induced by interferon‑γ, PSME1 enhances proteasomal endopeptidase activity and alters the cleavage pattern of substrates, thereby promoting efficient production of antigenic peptides for loading onto MHC class I molecules and supporting antiviral and antitumor immune surveillance. Functionally, it participates in antigen processing, cell‑cycle regulation and stress responses, with gene ontology annotations including endopeptidase activator activity and roles in antigen processing–cross presentation pathways. Clinically, altered PSME1 expression is reported in several cancers, where high levels can correlate with immune infiltration and immunotherapy‑related signatures, and experimental knockdown reduces tumor cell migration or viral replication in specific models, suggesting a context‑dependent role in oncogenesis and viral infection. |