| 背景信息 |
Neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (TrkB) is a transmembrane receptor that serves as the high-affinity receptor for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-4 (NT-4). Upon ligand binding, TrkB undergoes dimerization and autophosphorylation, activating downstream signaling cascades including the MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT, and PLCgamma pathways. These signals are essential for regulating neuronal survival, differentiation, synaptic plasticity, and morphology. Alternative splicing produces multiple isoforms, such as the full-length catalytic receptor and truncated versions like TrkB.T1, which modulate ligand availability and signaling. Dysregulation or oncogenic fusion of the NTRK2 gene is implicated in various malignancies, including neuroblastoma and glioma. Furthermore, altered TrkB signaling is associated with neurological and psychiatric conditions such as depression, epilepsy, and neurodegenerative diseases. |