| 背景信息 |
Negative elongation factor complex member C/D (NELFCD) is an essential subunit of the four-protein NELF complex, which also includes NELF-A, NELF-B, and NELF-E. This complex cooperates with the DRB-sensitivity inducing factor (DSIF) to induce promoter-proximal pausing of RNA polymerase II, thereby acting as a negative regulator of transcriptional elongation. NELFCD exists in at least two isoforms generated by alternative translation initiation, both of which integrate into the NELF complex within the nucleus. The transcriptional pausing mediated by NELFCD can be relieved by P-TEFb-dependent phosphorylation, allowing for highly regulated gene expression. Additionally, NELFCD is involved in HIV-1 transcription, where the NELF complex contributes to viral latency by maintaining Pol II in a paused state. Its role in fine-tuning the timing and efficiency of transcript production is fundamental to cellular gene regulation and response to external stimuli. |