| 背景信息 |
SET domain containing 2, histone lysine methyltransferase (SETD2) is the primary enzyme responsible for the trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 36 (H3K36me3). This epigenetic mark is essential for transcriptional elongation, alternative splicing, and DNA damage repair via homologous recombination. SETD2 interacts with RNA polymerase II through its WW and SRI domains and also methylates non-histone substrates, including α-tubulin, actin, and STAT1, thereby influencing cytoskeleton dynamics and antiviral immunity. Clinically, SETD2 functions as a potent tumor suppressor, and its inactivation is a hallmark of several malignancies. It is most notably mutated in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), where the loss of H3K36me3 leads to genomic instability, p53 destabilization, and enhanced metastasis. Its role in suppressing cryptic transcription and maintaining chromosomal integrity is fundamental to preventing oncogenic transformation. |